ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the predictive values of fasting blood glucose and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) in non-diabetic patients with COVID-19. Methods: A total of 39 non-diabetic patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Fourth Hospital of Xi'an from December 2021 to January 2022 were included. And 34 health examination subjects from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were matched as health control according to their propensity score. The clinical characteristics and laboratory test results between groups were compared, and the predictive value of fasting glucose and TG/HDL-C in non-diabetic COVID-19 patients was analyzed by logistic regression and receiver operating curve (ROC). Results: COVID-19 patients were either mild (30 cases) or common type (9 cases) with mild symptoms and good clinical prognosis. The median age was 29.0 (20.0, 49.0) years, 24 (61.5%) were males. Fasting blood glucose (4.30+or-0.47 mmol/L) and HDL-C [1.07 (0.86, 1.30) mmol/L] levels in COVID-19 patients were significantly lower than healthy controls [5.15+or-0.70 mmol/L, 2.24 (1.77, 3.05) mmol/L], the differences were statistically significant (t=6.277, P < 0.001;Z=6.026, P < 0.001). However, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) [2.40 (1.81, 2.91) mmol/L] and TG/HDL-C [0.91 (0.54, 1.52)] in COVID-19 patients were significantly increased compared to healthy controls [1.11 (0.99, 1.30) mmol/L, 0.54 (0.33, 0.90)], and the differences were statistically significant (Z=-6.271, -2.801, all P < 0.005). Logistic regression analysis showed that fasting blood glucose on admission could be an independent protective factor (OR:0.020, 95% CI: 0.003 ~ 0.150) and elevated TG/HDL-C be a risk factor (OR:4.802, 95% CI: 1.249 ~ 18.460) for COVID-19 infection among non-diabetic populations. The ROC curve showed that fasting blood glucose and TG/HDL-C were good at predicting the risk of COVID-19, and the area under the curve (AUC) were 0.871 and 0.708, respectively, and was 0.895 when combined. Conclusion: Decreased fasting blood glucose and elevated TG/HDL-C would be risk factors for COVID-19 infection in the non-diabetic population, and both have good predictive value for the incidence of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
The main targets of this were to screen the factors that may influence the distribution of 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] reference value in healthy elderly people in China, and further explored the geographical distribution differences of 25(OH)D reference value in China. In this study, we collected the 25(OH)D of 25,470 healthy elderly from 58 cities in China to analyze the correlation between 25(OH)D and 22 geography secondary indexes through spearman regression analysis. Six indexes with significant correlation were extracted, and a ridge regression model was built, and the country's urban healthy elderly'25(OH)D reference value was predicted. By using the disjunctive Kriging method, we obtained the geographical distribution of 25(OH)D reference values for healthy elderly people in China. The reference value of 25(OH)D for healthy elderly in China was significantly correlated with the 6 secondary indexes, namely, latitude (°), annual temperature range (°C), annual sunshine hours (h), annual mean temperature (°C), annual mean relative humidity (%), and annual precipitation (mm). The geographical distribution of 25(OH)D values of healthy elderly in China showed a trend of being higher in South China and lower in North China, and higher in coastal areas and lower in inland areas. This study lays a foundation for further research on the mechanism of different influencing factors on the reference value of 25(OH)D index. A ridge regression model composed of significant influencing factors has been established to provide the basis for formulating reference criteria for the treatment factors of the vitamin D deficiency and prognostic factors of the COVID-19 using 25(OH)D reference value in different regions.